Ice Age-1

Introduction

Ice ages occur on earth when most of its portion is covered with sea ice or glaciers. Also during this period a significant cooling effect will have taken place. During its lufe course of around 4.5 billion years our mother earth has experienced many ice ages. From paleoclimatologists and geologists it has become more evident that whenever an Ice age begins it reigns for about 10 million years.

Changes that occur during Ice Ages

One of the most important change that occurs is the drastic drop in the sea level (150m below the current sea level). The moving water starts freezing and settles over the freezing glaciers. Gradually the shallow oceanic water that cover the continental shelves recede the surface. dvancing ice sheets block the flow of water and drainage paths and divert the direction of river water flow towards the ice courses. As more and more ice is created over the earth's surface, the earth's crust starts dropping by a few hundred meters. Even some of the grounds that have dropped down below sttain a permafrost stage ( permanentle frozen). When the glaciers formed start receding new rivers and lakes start taking form with new areas, flow paths etc...
Pleistocene epoch is the most recent ice age that occured. It asted from about 1.6 million years to 10,000 years before present.

Contd... next article

Vedic Mathematics - 1

Introduction:
The four Vedas (Atharvanaveda, Yajurveda, Rigveda, Samaveda) are the basic foundations of our Bharatavarshas Samskruti( Indian Culture). These vedas consists of many scientific explanations which are quantified with the help of Mathematics developed to account for Vedic explanation. The way of solving problems encountered in Vedas is known as Veda Ganitha( Vedic Mathematics).


Trick 1: (Ekaadheena Poorvena)

Situation: To find the square of a number that ends with digit 5.

a. (35)2

Left part: (3+1)*3 = 12 - - - i

Rightmost part: 5*5=25 - - - ii

Answer: Concatenate i and ii: 1225

b. (115)2

Left part: (11+1)*11=132

Rightmost part: 5*5=25

Answer: 13225

General formula: (xyz...5)2

Left Part: (xyz...+1)*(xyz...)=n(say)

Rightmost part: 5*5=25

Answer: n25

Trick 2: (Anthyordashakeapi)

Situation: Find the product of two numbers whose sum of last digit is 10.
(subject to condition - - - the remaining digits of the two numbers to be multiplied must be of same quantity)

a. 23*27 - - - - (3+7=10)
Left part: (2+1)*2=6
Right Part: 7*3=21
Answer: 621

b. 126*124 - - - - (6+4=10)
Left Part: (12+1)*12=156
Right Part: 6*4=24
Answer:15624

Reference:
Vega Ganitha - Veda Ganitha, Sanskrita BaalaKendram, Dharwad